Abstract
Between the 1970s and 1980s in Turkey, there were various problems such as rapid urbanization, migration from village to city, economical problems such as embargo and neoliberalism and political violence over the military coups. Our study focuses on the problems experienced by children which lead to child victimization through Turkish movies. In our research, we used deduction and induction methods together. Based on the political and economic developments in the period between 1970 and 1980, we looked at how these dynamics were reflected in the films by thematic analyze method. Here are the themes that we found in the films which are commonly used in relation to children in cities and their urbanization, child marriage, smuggling, political violence and education. In conclusion of the Turkish press and movies and according to the interviews we did with the people who witnessed those periods, the problems related to children manifest themselves quite heavily and negatively. The Turkish society, which is experiencing a rapid urbanization process, has continued the patriarchal, sexist, religious-conservative and statist discourse they brought from the feudal village life in modern cities as well. While this is a problem that the press and cinema criticize with a common approach, it is seen that children are also a part of this process.
References
Akad, Ö. L. (Director). (1973a). Düğün [Wedding]. Erman Film. (In Turkish).
Akad, Ö. L. (Director). (1973b). Gelin [Bride]. Erman Film. (In Turkish).
Akdağ, M. (2020). Comparison of Village Reality in Realistic Turkish Cinema with The Village Documents (1961-1971). Adıyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, 36, 638–670. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.741984
Aksoy, O. (Director). (1976). Aile Şerefi [Family Honor]. Arzu Film. (In Turkish).
Aksoy, O. (Director). (1978). Taşı Toprağı Altın Şehir [City of Gold]. Erman Film. (In Turkish).
Aksoy, O. (Director). (1979). İstanbul 79 [Istanbul 79]. Uğur Film. (In Turkish).
Ankara, E. G. (2012, April 2). Children in Turkish cinema: From exploitation to realism. Hürriyet Daily News. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/children-in-turkish-cinema-from-exploitation-to-realism--17387
Archive of Erbeyli Primary School Student Log Book, 1933-1953. (n.d.). Erbeyli İlkokulu Öğrenci Kütük Defteri Arşiv Kayıtları.
Atiyas, İ., & Bakis, O. (2015). Structural Change and Industrial Policy in Turkey. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(6), 1209–1229. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1080523
Başlamişli, M. (2021). US’s Attempt to Feature 1974 Cyprus Crisis Instead of Poppy Issue Regarding Embargo Decision on Turkey. Asia Minor Studies, 9(1), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.17067/asm.827640
Becerikli, R. (2018). Comparison of Child Star Movies and Canım Kardesim In Terms of the Features of Narrative And Character. Selçuk İletişim, 11(2), 321–346. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.406300
Bila, F. (2020, May 18). Atatürk’ün attığı temele bugün hâlâ çok ihtiyacımız var [The foundation laid by Atatürk is still very much needed today]. T24. https://t24.com.tr/yazarlar/fikret-bila/ataturk-un-attigi-temele-bugun-hala-cok-ihtiyacimiz-var,26665 (In Turkish)
Caulfield, J. (2019, September 6). How to Do Thematic Analysis | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic-analysis/
Demirağ, T. (Director). (1973). Aynı Yolun Yolcusu [Travelers on the Same Path ]. And Film. (In Turkish).
Doğan, E. (2019). Childhood In Turkish Cinema Between 1960-1970: Representation Of Childhood In Two Different Ayşecik Films. Turkish Studies, 14(2), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14945
Duru, S. (Director). (1965). Şoför Nebahat Bizde Kabahat [Driver Nebahat is to blame]. Duru Film. (In Turkish).
Duru, S. (Director). (1970). Şoför Nebahat [Driver Nebahat]. Murat Film; Uğur Film. (In Turkish).
Eğilmez, E. (Director). (1976). Hababam Sınıfı Uyanıyor [Hababam Class Awakens]. Arzu Film. (In Turkish).
Elal, M. E. (2013). The Child in Arabesque Films [Master Thesis]. Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences.
Emre, K. B. (2007). Representation Of Childhood In Aysecik Films [Master Thesis]. Anadolu University Institute of Social Sciences.
Erksan, M. (Director). (1971). Feride [Feride]. Saner Film. (In Turkish).
Göreç, E. (Director). (1973). Öksüzler [Orphans]. Er Film. (In Turkish).
Göreç, E., & Güney, Y. (Directors). (1974). Endişe [Anxiety]. Unknown. (In Turkish).
Gülgen, M. (Director). (1979). İnsanları Seveceksin [You Will Love People]. Gülgen Film; Piza Film. (In Turkish).
Güney, Y. (Director). (1968). Seyyit Han: Toprağın Gelini [Sayyid Khan Bride of the Land]. Gülgen Film. (In Turkish).
Güney, Y. (Director). (1971). Ağıt [Requiem]. Akün Film; Güney Film. (In Turkish).
Güney, Y. (Director). (1974). Arkadaş [Friend]. Güney Film. (In Turkish).
Hamsici, M. (Director). (2018). Istanbul and Bristol in 1971 through the eyes of two children. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duPOvbArvPU
İnanoğlu, T. (Director). (2011). Yumurcak Köprüaltı Çocuğu [Yumurcak Under the Bridge]. Erler Film (In Turkish).
Irmak, Ç. (Director). (2011). Dedemin İnsanları [My Grandfather’s People]. Ay Yapım. (In Turkish).
Jöntürk, R. (Director). (1976). Yarınsız Adam [Man Without Tomorrow]. Kalkavan Film. (In Turkish).
Jöntürk, R. (Director). (1977). Satılmış Adam [Sold Out Man]. Sezer Film. (In Turkish).
Kaçmaz, M. Y. (2020). The evaluation of the Hababam Sınıfı films from the point of values education [Unpublished Master dissertation]. Sivas University.
Kazgan, G. (2014). Türkiye’nin 1970’li Yılları: Öngörül(e)meyen Küresel Olaylar [Turkey in the 1970s: Unforeseen Global Events]. In R. F. Barbaros & E. J. Zurcher (Eds.), 70’li Yıllarda Türkiye [Turkey in the 70s] (pp. 11–30). Efil Yayınevi. (In Turkish).
Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher, 42(8), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
Ökten, Z. (Director). (1974). Sürü [Herd]. Güney Film. (In Turkish).
Ökten, Z. (Director). (1977). Çöpçüler Kralı [King of Scavengers]. Arzu Film. (In Turkish).
Orbey, E. (Director). (1975). Bizim Aile [Our Family]. Arzu Film. (In Turkish).
Pehlivan, B. (2007). Yeşilçam Melodramatic Imagination and Its Influence on the NewTurkish Cinema [Unpublished Master dissertation]. Sabancı University.
Refiğ, H. (Director). (1969). Bir Türk’e Gönül Verdim [I set my heart on a Turk]. Erman Film. (In Turkish).
Seden, O. F. (Director). (1977). Meryem ve Oğulları [Mary and Her Sons]. Erman Film. (In Turkish).
Seden, O. F. (Director). (1978). Yüz Numaralı Adam [Man Number One Hundred]. Çan Film. (In Turkish).
Şentürk, R. (2020). The Periodization Problem in Writing the Turkish Cinema History. Intermedia International E-journal, 7(13), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.21645/intermedia.2020.81
Toptan, K., & Hacıoğlu, E. G. (2017). Ağabey Köksal Toptan [Big brother Köksal Toptan]. Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi. (In Turkish).
Unicef. (2022, January 22). History. https://www.unicefturk.org/yazi/tarihce
Yağbasan, M., & Ateş, U. (2018). Family Representation in Turkish Cinema in the Periods Of Pre-1980 And Post-2000. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 67, 26–40.
Yıldırım, T. (2015). Sinema Tutkusu 1 [Passion for Cinema 1]. Doğu Batı Düşünce Dergisi, 18, 72. (In Turkish).
Yılmaz, A. (Director). (1964). Keşanlı Ali Destanı [The Epic of Kashanli Ali]. Gün Film. (In Turkish).
Yılmaz, A. (Director). (1966). Ah Güzel İstanbul [Ah Beautiful Istanbul]. Be-Ya Film. (In Turkish).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.